She is associated with the owl and the snake. She is usually represented with helmet, spear, and shield or aegis that bore a depiction of the head of Medusa. Athena herself as victorious war goddess was called Athena Nike and the simple but elegant temple of Athena Nike stands to the right of the entrance to the Acropolis.
Athena and Poseidon vied for control of Athens and its surrounding territory, Attica. The contest took place on the Acropolis. Poseidon struck the rock with his trident and produced a salt spring or a horse. Athena brought forth an olive tree from the ground by the touch of her spear and she was proclaimed the victor.
The olive was fundamental to Athenian economy and life. A Panathenaic procession wound its way through the city ending with the presentation of an embroidered robe peplos to Athena on the Acropolis.
Athenians young and old, male and female carrying sacred implements, leading sacrificial animals, with chariots or on horseback, figured in the procession. It is a most beautiful Doric temple even in its ruined state today , and its sculpture created under the aegis of the great Athenian sculptor Pheidias bears tribute to Athena herself and her city and all that they mean forever. This posed a problem as Metis was already pregnant with their first child.
To prevent the prophecy from taking place, Zeus tricked Metis into taking the form of a fly and swallowed her. What Zeus did not know was that Metis was pregnant with their daughter. Over time however, Zeus began to suffer from a terrible headache and asked the Titan Prometheus in some cases it was Hephaestus and or Ares to split his head open to find the problem.
Athena sprang fully-grown from Zeus' head in full battle armor, shouting a battle cry. She quickly became Zeus' favorite daughter. In the most ancient account, the Iliad, Athena is the goddess of ferocious and implacable fights, but wherever she can be found, she is a warrior who defends the State and the native land against the enemies coming from outside, and supports the side that is morally right.
She is, above all, the Goddess of the City, the protector of civilized life, of artisan activities, and of wisdom. She also invented the bridle, which, for the first time, tamed horses, allowing men to use them. In Greek mythology, she was one of the most active goddesses. Athena is known for helping heroes with cleverness. She believes that warfare should be used as a last resort and often uses her trickery and strategies to overcome her enemies.
Along with Artemis and Hestia, she is one of the three maiden goddesses. She does have demigod children in the series, though they are conceived when her divine thoughts meet the mortal ingenuity of the men she favors, a love which she believes to be the of the purest kind. Her children are then born in the same way she was, quite literally making them brain children.
It is unknown if any other goddess can give birth to children in a similar way. A long time ago, the mortal Arachne challenged Athena to see who could create the best tapestry. Athena then disguised herself as an old woman and tried to warn Arachne that it would be foolishness to challenge a goddess, but Arachne persisted and stated that if she lost, she would accept any punishment. Enraged, Athena revealed herself and accepted the challenge as she herself had invented weaving.
Each of them then made a tapestry. Athena's tapestry was of the gods together in glory and joy while Arachne's showed the gods making fools of themselves. Athena was so infuriated by this deliberate insult to the gods that she destroyed the tapestry in rage and was declared the winner. Arachne was filled with guilt and hung herself.
Athena, after seeing Arachne's body, felt responsible for her death and decided to do her a favor. She turned Arachne into a spider so that she and all her children would be expert weavers forever.
In other versions of the myth, Athena transformed Arachne into a spider directly after the contest as part of Arachne's punishment. Be it whatever reason, ever since then, every child of Athena has suffers a deepfear of spiders. They are very paranoid that every spider they see is out to get them and avenge Arachne. Most of the time, this is true as spiders are shown to be hostile to them.
For many eons, Athena and Poseidon have had a rivalry between them, which can be traced to the time when they competed for the position of patron of the city ofAthens, called Attica at that time. The leader of the city asked the two gods to bestow a gift for the newly constructed city. Poseidon created a salt-water spring, while Athena gave them the olive tree.
Seeing that the olive tree was more useful than the salt-water spring, the leader of the city made Athena their patron goddess. A temple known as the Parthenon was dedicated to her, and the new city took the name of Athens in her honor. When Hephaestus tried to rape her, she protected her virginity and he ejaculated on her leg. She wiped it off with a piece of wool, throwing it onto the ground.
Erichthonios sprouted from the discarded wool. Athena gave the baby to the daughters of Pandrosus in a chest, which they were forbidden to open. They opened it and became mad, throwing themselves from the Acropolis. Athena then raised her son. In myth, Athena became the patron of Athens through a contest with Poseidon Athena offered the city the olive tree and Poseidon offered a fountain of water, though the water was salty.
The citizens consulted an oracle about what the signs meant and found that they were supposed to vote between the two. At this time, both men and women voted, according to the myth. The vote split along gender lines. The women outnumbered the men and Athena became the patron goddess of Athens.
Poseidon became incensed and flooded Athens until Athenians conceded to limit the status of women. This serves as a charter myth for how Athenian politics were patriarchal.
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