Acheson Goddard. Honor graduated from Army Medical School, Washington, Promoted through grades to major, March 28, Resigned June 2, Assistant director business administration Johns Hopkins Hospital, Administrative director Cornell Clinic, New York, Developed the science of identifying fired bullets and empty cartridge cases, now known as forensic ballistics, New York, Director research, , professor police science, law faculty, Calvin Hooker Goddard has been listed as a noteworthy army officer, military historian, criminologist by Marquis Who's Who.
He took the comparison microscope to Scotland and introduced it to the European scientists for firearms identification and other forensic uses. During the trial a worldwide outcry arose, with the firm belief based on railroaded justice and racial prejudice. On April 8, , their appeals exhausted, Sacco and Vanzetti were finally sentenced to death in the electric chair. A worldwide outcry arose and Governor Alvin T.
Fuller finally agreed to postpone the executions and set up a committee to reconsider the case. By this time, firearms examination had improved considerably, and it was now known that an automatic pistol could be traced by several different methods if both bullet and casing were recovered from the scene. Automatic pistols could now be traced by unique markings of the rifling on the bullet, by firing pin indentations on the fired primer, or by unique ejector and extractor marks on the casing.
The committee appointed to review the case used the services of Major Calvin Goddard in Major Goddard used Philip Gravelles newly invented comparison microscope and helixometer, a hollow, lighted magnifier probe used to inspect gun barrels, to make an examination of Saccos. Defenders of Sacco and Vanzetti claim that the bullet and cartridge case linked to Saccos pistol were substituted for genuine evidence by the Massachusetts police.
In the presence of one of the defense experts, he fired several test bullets from Saccos gun into a wad of cotton and prepared them for a comparative examination. He then put the ejected shell casings on the comparison microscope next to casings recovered at the South Braintree murder scene. Then he analyzed them carefully. The third bullet, designated Bullet III matched the rifling marks found on the barrel of Saccos pistol, while firing pin marks on a.
Even the defense expert agreed that the two cartridges had been fired from the same gun. Goddard was educated in Baltimore, where his father was an insurance executive and writer. He received the M.
Briefly in Goddard worked as a medical assistant at the Johns Hopkins medical school. He enlisted in the United States Army in and was commissioned first lieutenant in the army medical corps. Later in he was named camp surgeon and eventually promoted to major. After serving more than a year in Europe, in Goddard resigned his commission to serve as cardiovascular consultant with the clinic of Dr. James McLester in Birmingham, Alabama. In he became assistant director of the Johns Hopkins Hospital, where he also taught cardiography.
He was recommissioned in the army ordnance reserve in and served tours of duty at most of the larger United States arsenals. In he became assistant professor of clinical medicine at Cornell University medical college. Later that year he was named director of the first outpatient clinic in the nation, the Cornell Pay Clinic in New York City.
Goddard's lifelong interest in firearms became a full-time pursuit in , when he resigned from Cornell and established the Bureau of Forensic Ballistics in New York City.
Soon he developed techniques for identifying the weapon that fired a given bullet. With others he developed the comparison microscope and helixometer, instruments essential to scientific crime detection. Between and Goddard gained an international reputation as a firearms identification expert.
Thanks to his keen eye, careful study, and thorough investigation, police were able to identify and locate firearms used in the incident. Throughout his career, Goddard also served as a professor of police science at Northwestern University, editor of the American Journal of Police Science , and the military editor of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Calvert School is a coed independent lower and middle school.
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